X线致癌的可能性

2005年高居医患关心话题第5名（美国）

    这里是对医源性放射性影响进行地客观、公正的评价。

     JERRYDOCTOR 在译此文时发现，有时中文难以准确表达原文的意思，可能是我的英文不够好，也可能是我的中文不够好，或两者兼而有之。

    不过，我还知道，如果您读了很的英文原版教材后，也会发现大量诸如此类的问题。

    所以，我建议大家看我的译文时，如有疑问，就多读原文，这并不困难。而且，这样获得的知识可能更准确。

Imaging and Cancer: Kids Most in Peril

          The above being said, the indisputable fact, and in my opinion rendered truly indisputable by the BEIR VII report, is that medical x-rays cause cancer.[1] BEIR VII also emphasizes that there may be no safe lower limit.[1] This statement taken as said has the potential to cause considerable alarm, so my intuitive modification is that perhaps below the dose of a standard body CT, which is approximately 10 mSieverts (mSv; units that radiation dose is measured in), there is likely negligible if any risk for an individual test.

          However, even 1 body CT scan (1 CT scan of only 1 of the following regions: the chest region, the abdominal region, or the pelvic region) carries with it some element of risk. The risk that BEIR VII reports is 1 in 1000 chance of developing cancer from a 10 mSv radiation dose. In my prior report, I described what is written on the US Food and Drug Administration Web site, which is a 1 chance in 2000 of developing cancer from a dose of 10 mSv. The BEIR VII report doubles that risk. The risk in children is even higher, with a reported chance of 1 in 550 of developing cancer.[2,3] The following is a table of the standard reported dose of radiation for various common imaging procedures:

         Risk escalates with multiphase acquisition in a single CT study, and with multiple individual CT tests. Because of their multiphase nature, careful limited use of multiphase renal CT studies and liver CT studies should be considered.

X线成像和癌症：儿童的风险最大

      如标题所示，一个无可置疑的事实，以我观点在BEIR 7 报告中所述，医源性X线可以致癌。在BERIR 7也强调如果使用限制不足可能不安全。这种提法也意味着这个潜在的危险也造成不容忽视的警示（可能会造成不必要的惊慌），所以我的直觉修正是：大多数的标准的人体CT检查之低剂量，大约是10mSv（一种放射计量单位），对个体的风险几乎可以忽略不计。

       然而，即便1人体CT扫描检查（1CT扫描检查仅有以下1个区域：胸部、腹部、盆腔）负担有一些危险。在BEIR 7报告中提及因接受10mSv单位的放射剂量后发生致癌可能的机会是0.1％。在我更早些的报道中，如在US FDA网站上所言为0.05％。而在BEIR 7报道中增加了一倍。儿童中的风险可能更大，一个报道为致癌风险为 1/550 。下表为标准的各部位成像的报道放射剂量：

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